1990-1999
1990 Digitally edited special effects begin to appear in films. 1995 Toy Story, produced by Pixar. The first feature-length computer animated film.
1999 Star Wars I: The Phantom Menace, by George Lucas, the first film to include entirely computer-animated characters. |
| 1990 Adobe's image editing programme Photoshop 1.
Photo CD system developed by Kodak is introduced. 1992 JPEG format is recognized as standard, ISO 10.918-1. 1999 The Nikon D1 is released, the first digital camera to be a serious competitor to the film SLR market. | 1990 In the 1990s home movie formats like Super 8 survive in the field of experimental and avant-garde film shorts.
1994 Agfa-Gevaert, one of the leading film manufacturing companies, ceases to make Moviechrome 40 film. 1997 Eastman Kodak stops making sound cartridges for Super 8.
| 1991 Apple's QuickTime software is presented in public, the first capable of playing videos on a PC. 1992 Microsoft's Video for Windows comes onto the market, in competition with QuickTime, linked to the AVI (Audio Video Interleave) format. The MPEG-1 standard is definitively approved for the coding of digital video and audio. MPEG-1 is the standard used by the Video CD format, which would be very popular in the transmission of low-quality video. 1995 The DV (Digital Video) standard is created. Different versions are marketed, based on this standard, for both home use, such as the MiniDV, and professional use, like the DVCAM and DVCPRO formats. ISO/IEC approves the MPEG-2 for encoding digital video. The specifications are created for the FireWire connection (IEEE-1394) with a bandwidth of 400Mbits/s. DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting), the body entrusted with regulating the transmission procedures of digital television, approves the DVB-S and DVB-C standards for the transmission of the digital signal of satellite and cable television, respectively. The DVD is announced, which a few years later becomes the majority format in the sale and rental of films and audio-visual content.
1997 Sony's HDCAM appears, the high-definition Betacam Digital version. 1998 The MPEG-4 video and audio coding standard is introduced. Its applications go from the transmission of low-resolution images and sound for mobile telephones to high-definition video and multi-media objects. | 1990 George Lucas patents the THX film sound system. 1991 The specifications of the MPEG-1 layer 3, better known as MP3, for the coding of digital audio are approved as ISO/IEC standard. 1992 Sony introduces the MiniDisc. 1993 Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park, the first film with the DTS (Digital Sound) system. 1997 EBU/UER (European Union of Radio Diffusion) specifies the rules of BWF (Broadcast Wave Format) for the production of digital audio on radio and television. 1999 The Napster music archive distribution system appears (in MP3 format) through P2P (peer-to-peer) networks, which made downloading music on Internet enormously popular.
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